丙 bing² {bǐng}

1. third of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
2. third in order
3. letter "C" or roman "III" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
4. propyl

丁 ding¹ {dīng}

1. fourth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
2. fourth in order
3. letter "D" or roman "IV" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
4. butyl
5. cubes (of food)

甲 gaap³ {jiǎ}

1. first of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
2. (used for an unspecified person or thing)
3. first (in a list, as a party to a contract etc)
4. letter "A" or roman "I" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
5. armor plating
6. shell or carapace
7. (of the fingers or toes) nail
8. bladed leather or metal armor (old)
9. ranking system used in the Imperial examinations (old)
10. civil administration unit (old)

庚 gang¹ {gēng}

1. age
2. seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
3. seventh in order
4. letter "G" or roman "VII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
5. hepta

己 gei² {jǐ}

1. self
2. oneself
3. sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
4. sixth in order
5. letter "F" or roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
6. hexa

夏 haa⁶ {Xià}

1. the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC
2. Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407-432)
3. surname Xia

剋〔克〕 hak¹ {Kè}

Ke (c. 2000 BC), seventh of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

柚 jau⁶ {yòu}

1. pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis)
2. shaddock
3. oriental grapefruit

堯〔尧〕 jiu⁴ {Yáo}

1. surname Yao
2. Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳

乙 jyut³ {yǐ}

1. second of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
2. second in order
3. letter "B" or roman "II" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
4. second party (in legal contract, usually 乙方, as opposed to 甲方)
5. ethyl
6. bent
7. winding
8. radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 5)

啟〔启〕 kai² {Qǐ}

Qi son of Yu the Great 禹, reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝 (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC)

釐〔厘〕 lei⁴ {Lí}

Li (c. 2000 BC), sixth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God, also known as Ai 哀

明 ming⁴ {Míng}

1. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
2. surname Ming
3. Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

哀 oi¹ {Āi}

Ai (c. 2000 BC), sixth of legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God, also known as Li 釐

辛 san¹ {xīn}

1. (of taste) hot or pungent
2. hard
3. laborious
4. suffering
5. eighth in order
6. eighth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干
7. letter "H" or roman "VIII" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc
8. octa

舜 seon³ {Shùn}

Shun (c. 22nd century BC), mythical sage and leader

承 sing⁴ {Chéng}

1. surname Cheng
2. Cheng (c. 2000 BC), third of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

直 zik⁶ {Zhí}

1. surname Zhi
2. Zhi (c. 2000 BC), fifth of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

亞哈〔亚-〕 aa³ haa¹ {Yà hā}

Ahab (9th c. BC), King of Israel, son of Omri and husband of Jezebel, prominent figure in 1 Kings 16-22

阿里 aa³ lei⁵ {Ā lǐ}

1. Ali (proper name)
2. Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib (c. 600-661), cousin, aid and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed 穆罕默德, the fourth Caliph 哈里發 of Islam, reigned 656-661, and the first Imam 伊瑪目 of Shia Islam
3. Ngari prefecture in Tibet, Tibetan: Mnga' ris

晏嬰〔-婴〕 aan³ jing¹ {Yàn Yīng}

Yanzi (-c 500 BC), famous statesman from Qi of the Warring States, also known as 晏子, hero of book 晏子春秋

晏子 aan³ zi² {Yàn zǐ}

Yanzi (-c 500 BC), famous statesman from Qi of the Warring States, also known as 晏婴, hero of book 晏子春秋

八旗 baat³ kei⁴ {bā qí}

Eight Banners, military organization of Manchu later Jin dynasty 後金 from c. 1600, subsequently of the Qing dynasty

辯機〔辩机〕 bin⁶ gei¹ {Biàn jī}

Bianji (c. 620-648), Tang dynasty buddhist monk and disciple of 玄奘, author and translator of Great Tang Records on the Western Regions 大唐西域記

丙等 bing² dang² {bǐng děng}

1. third rank
2. third category
3. third grade
4. roughly equivalent to the "C" grade

丙寅 bing² jan⁴ {bǐng yín}

third year C-3 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1986 or 2046

丙型 bing² jing⁴ {bǐng xíng}

1. type C
2. type III
3. gamma-

丙午 bing² ng⁵ {bǐng wǔ}

forty third year C-7 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1966 or 2026

丙申 bing² san¹ {bǐng shēn}

thirty-third year C-9 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1956 or 2016

丙辰 bing² san⁴ {bǐng chén}

fifty-third year C-5 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1976 or 2036

丙戌 bing² seot¹ {bǐng xū}

twenty third year C-11 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 2006 or 2066

丙子 bing² zi² {bǐng zǐ}

thirteenth year C-1 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1996 or 2056

陳嬌〔陈娇〕 can⁴ giu¹ {Chén Jiāo}

Chen Jiao, first wife of emperor 漢武帝, died c. 110 BC

奢香 ce¹ hoeng¹ {Shē Xiāng}

She Xiang (c. 1361-1396), lady who served as Yi ethnic group leader in Yunnan in early Ming times

崔琦 ceoi¹ kei⁴ {Cuī Qí}

Daniel C. Tsui (1939-), Chinese-born American physicist, winner of 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics

吹簫〔-箫〕 ceoi¹ siu¹ {chuī xiāo}

1. to play the xiao 簫 (mouth organ)
2. to beg while playing pipes; cf politician Wu Zixu 伍子胥, c. 520 BC destitute refugee in Wu town, 吳市吹簫
3. to busk
4. virtuoso piper wins a beauty, cf 玉人吹簫
5. (slang) fellatio
6. blowjob

錢起〔钱-〕 cin⁴ hei² {Qián Qǐ}

Qian Qi (flourished c. 751), Tang Dynasty poet

楚辭〔-辞〕 co² ci⁴ {Chǔ cí}

Chu Ci, the Songs of Chu (ancient book of poems, collected during Han but esp. from country of Chu c. 500 BC)

長樂〔长乐〕 coeng⁴ lok⁶ {Cháng lè}

1. Changle county level city in Fuzhou 福州, Fujian
2. Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern dynasties 西魏, given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門

大禹 daai⁶ jyu⁵ {Dà Yǔ}

Yu the Great (c. 21st century BC) mythical leader who tamed the floods

妲己 daat³ gei² {Dá jǐ}

Daji (c. 11th century BC), mythical fox spirit and concubine of the last Shang Dynasty Emperor Zhou Xin 紂辛

低熱〔-热〕 dai¹ jit⁶ {dī rè}

a low fever (up to 38°C)

低燒〔-烧〕 dai¹ siu¹ {dī shāo}

a low fever (up to 38°C)

鄧通〔邓-〕 dang⁶ tung¹ {Dèng Tōng}

Deng Tong (2nd c. BC), one of the wealthiest Former Han Dynasty 前漢 officials

道家 dou⁶ gaa¹ {Dào jiā}

Daoist School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), based on the teachings of Laozi or Lao-tze 老子 (c. 500 BC-) and Zhuangzi 庄子 (369-286 BC)

東夷〔东-〕 dung¹ ji⁴ {Dōng yí}

Eastern Barbarians, non-Han tribe living to the east of China c 2200 BC

范縝〔-缜〕 faan⁶ zan² {Fàn Zhěn}

Fan Zhen (c. 450-c. 510), philosopher from Qi and Liang of the Southern dynasties, as atheist denying Buddhist teachings on karma and rebirth

夫餘〔-余〕 fu¹ jyu⁴ {Fū yú}

Pu'yo, Korean Buyeo (c. 200 BC-494 AD), ancient kingdom in northeast frontier region of China

扶餘〔-余〕 fu⁴ jyu⁴ {Fú yú}

1. Fuyu county in Songyuan 松原, Jilin
2. Pu'yo, Korean Buyeo (c. 200 BC-494 AD), ancient kingdom in northeast frontier region of China

婦好〔妇-〕 fu⁵ hou² {Fù Hǎo}

Fu Hao (c. 1200 BC), or Lady Hao, female Chinese general of the late Shang Dynasty 商朝

傅說〔-说〕 fu⁶ syut³ {Fù Shuō}

Fu Shuo (c. 14th century BC), legendary sage and principal minister of Shang ruler Wu Ding

箕子 gei¹ zi² {Jī zǐ}

Jizi, legendary sage from end of Shang dynasty (c. 1100 BC), said to have opposed the tyrant Zhòu 紂 then ruled ancient Korea for Zhōu 周

杞國〔-国〕 gei² gwok³ {Qǐ guó}

the State of Qǐ in modern Qǐ county 杞縣, Henan (c. 1500-445 BC), a small vassal state of Shang and Western Zhou for most of its existence

桀王 git⁶ wong⁴ {Jié Wáng}

King Jie, the final ruler of the Xia dynasty (until c. 1600 BC), a notoriously cruel and immoral tyrant

國語〔国语〕 gwok³ jyu⁵ {Guó yǔ}

1. Chinese language (Mandarin), emphasizing its national nature
2. Chinese as a primary or secondary school subject
3. Chinese in the context of the Nationalist Government
4. Guoyu, book of historical narrative c. 10th-5th century BC

夏代 haa⁶ doi⁶ {Xià dài}

Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC

賀朝〔贺-〕 ho⁶ ciu⁴ {Hè Cháo}

He Chao (active c. 711), Tang dynasty poet

韓非〔韩-〕 hon⁴ fei¹ {Hán Fēi}

Han Fei, also known as Han Feizi 韓非子 (c. 280-233 BC), Legalist philosopher of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

鎬京〔镐-〕 hou⁶ ging¹ {Hào jīng}

Haojing (in modern Shaanxi, northwest of Chang'an county), capital of Western Zhou from c. 1050 BC

勸學〔劝学〕 hyun³ hok⁶ {quàn xué}

On learning, classic book by Confucian philosopher Xun Zi 荀子 (c. 310-237 BC)

音名 jam¹ meng² {yīn míng}

name of pitch (e.g. C, D, E or do, re, mi)

任安 jam⁶ on¹ {Rèn Ān}

Ren An (-c. 90 BC), Han Dynasty general, also called Ren Shaoqing 任少卿

柚子 jau² zi² {yòu zi}

1. pomelo (Citrus maxima or C. grandis)
2. shaddock
3. oriental grapefruit

柚木 jau⁴ muk⁶ {yòu mù}

1. pomelo tree (Citrus maxima or C. grandis)
2. shaddock
3. oriental grapefruit

爾雅〔尔-〕 ji⁵ ngaa⁵ {Ěr yǎ}

"Erya" or "The Ready Guide", first extant Chinese dictionary, c. 3rd century BC, with glossaries on classical texts

炎帝 jim⁴ dai³ {Yán dì}

Flame Emperors (c. 2000 BC), legendary dynasty descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

楊業〔杨业〕 joeng⁴ jip⁶ {Yáng yè}

1. famous Song dynasty family of warriors (c. 10th century AD), resisted the Liao 遼 and defended the Song
2. the subject of the popular fiction Yang Saga 楊家將

楊朱〔杨-〕 joeng⁴ zyu¹ {Yáng Zhū}

Yang Zhu (c. 440-360 BC), Chinese philosopher advocating ethical egoism

儒家 jyu⁴ gaa¹ {Rú jiā}

Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289 BC)

榆罔 jyu⁴ mong⁵ {Yú wǎng}

Yuwang (c. 2000 BC), last of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝, defeated by the Yellow Emperor 黄帝

祁奚 kei⁴ hai⁴ {Qí Xī}

Qi Xi (c. 620-550 BC), minister of Jin state 晉國 of the Spring and Autumn states

臨魁〔临-〕 lam⁴ fui¹ {Lín kuí}

Linkui (c. 2000 BC), second of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 descended from Shennong 神農 Farmer God

劉備〔刘备〕 lau⁴ bei⁶ {Liú Bèi}

Liu Bei (161-223), warlord at the end of the Han dynasty and founder of the Han kingdom of Shu 蜀漢 (c. 200-263), later the Shu Han dynasty

劉熙〔刘-〕 lau⁴ hei¹ {Liú Xī}

Liu Xi (late Han, c. 200 AD), possibly the author of 釋名

李冰 lei⁵ bing¹ {Lǐ Bīng}

Li Bing (c 230 BC) historical hydraulic engineer of DuJiangYan 都江堰

理學〔-学〕 lei⁵ hok⁶ {Lǐ xué}

1. School of Principle
2. Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Cheng Hao 程顥, Cheng Yi 程頤 and Zhu Xi 朱熹)

李煜 lei⁵ juk¹ {Lǐ Yù}

Li Yu (c. 937-978), given name of the final ruler of Tang of the Five Southern dynasties Li Houzhu 李後主, a renowned poet

李漁〔-渔〕 lei⁵ jyu⁴ {Lǐ Yú}

Li Yu (1611-c. 1680), late Ming and early Qing writer and dramatist

李斯 lei⁵ si¹ {Lǐ Sī}

Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and Prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC

李肈〔-肇〕 lei⁵ siu⁶ {Lǐ Zhào}

Li Zhao (c. 800), Tang dynasty scholar and official

呂岩〔吕-〕 leoi⁵ ngaam⁴ {Lǚ Yán}

Lü Yan (lived c. 874), Tang dynasty poet

糧票〔粮-〕 loeng⁴ piu³ {liáng piào}

coupons for food or grain used in a PRC economic program c. 1955-1993

良渚 loeng⁴ zyu² {Liáng zhǔ}

Liangzhu (c. 3400-2250 BC), neolithic culture of Changjiang delta

老君 lou⁵ gwan¹ {Lǎo jūn}

1. Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism
2. the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經 by Laozi

老子 lou⁵ zi² {Lǎo zǐ}

1. Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism
2. the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經 by Laozi

龍樹〔龙树〕 lung⁴ syu⁶ {Lóng shù}

Nāgārjuna (c. 150-250 AD), Buddhist philosopher

孟軻〔-轲〕 maang⁶ o¹ {Mèng Kē}

Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289), Confucian philosopher

孟子 maang⁶ zi² {Mèng zǐ}

1. Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius
2. book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism

墨子 mak⁶ zi² {Mò zǐ}

Mozi (c. 470-391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家 of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

無著〔无着〕 mou⁴ zoek⁶ {Wú zhuó}

Asanga (Buddhist philosopher, c. 4th century AD)

武丁 mou⁵ ding¹ {Wǔ Dīng}

Wu Ding (c. 14th century BC), legendary founder and wise ruler of Shang dynasty

枚乘 mui⁴ sing⁴ {Méi Chéng}

Mei Cheng (-c. 140 BC), Han dynasty poet

難經〔难经〕 naan⁴ ging¹ {Nàn jīng}

1. Classic on Medical Problems, c. 1st century AD
2. abbr. for 黃帝八十一難經

銀點〔银点〕 ngan⁴ dim² {yín diǎn}

1. the silver point
2. the melting point of silver 962°C used as a calibration point in some temperature scales

勾踐〔-践〕 ngau¹ cin⁵ {Gōu Jiàn}

King Gou Jian of Yue (c. 470 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸

內經〔内经〕 noi⁶ ging¹ {Nèi jīng}

abbr. for 黃帝內經, Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC

三級〔-级〕 saam¹ kap¹ {sān jí}

1. grade 3
2. third class
3. category C

三Ｃ saam¹ si¹ {sān C}

see 3C[san1 C]

西施 sai¹ si¹ {Xī shī}

Xishi (c. 450 BC), famous Chinese beauty, foremost of the Four legendary beauties 四大美女, given by King Gou Jian 勾踐 of Yue as concubine to King of Wu as part of a successful plan to destroy Wu

心學〔-学〕 sam¹ hok⁶ {xīn xué}

1. School of Mind
2. Neo-Confucian Idealistic School (from Song to mid-Qing times, c. 1000-1750, typified by the teachings of Wang Yangming 王陽明)

沈復〔-复〕 sam² fuk⁶ {Shěn Fù}

Shen Fu (1763-c. 1810), Qing dynasty writer, author of Six records of a floating life 浮生六記

神農〔-农〕 san⁴ nung⁴ {Shén nóng}

Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture

荀子 seon¹ zi² {Xún zǐ}

Xun Zi or Hsun Tzu (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher and author of On learning 勸學

小昊 siu² hou⁶ {Xiǎo hào}

Xiaohao (c. 2200 BC), leader of the Dongyi 東夷 or Eastern Barbarians

商朝 soeng¹ ciu⁴ {Shāng cháo}

Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BC)

商代 soeng¹ doi⁶ {Shāng dài}

the prehistoric Shang dynasty (c. 16th-11th century BC)

商鞅 soeng¹ joeng¹ {Shāng Yāng}

Shang Yang (c. 390-338 BC), legalist philosopher and important statesman of Qin state 秦國 whose militaristic reforms in 356 and 350 BC played a key role in establishing Qin power

蜀漢〔-汉〕 suk⁶ hon³ {Shǔ Hàn}

Shu Han (c. 200-263), Liu Bei's kingdom in Sichuan during the Three Kingdoms, claiming legitimacy as successor of Han

孫武〔孙-〕 syun¹ mou⁵ {Sūn Wǔ}

Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu 孫子 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書

孫子〔孙-〕 syun¹ zi² {Sūn zǐ}

Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孫子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書

唐堯〔-尧〕 tong⁴ jiu⁴ {Táng Yáo}

Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of Five legendary Emperors 五帝, second son of Di Ku 帝嚳

陶潛〔-潜〕 tou⁴ cim⁴ {Táo Qián}

Tao Qian or Tao Yuanming 陶渊明 (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet

華府〔华-〕 waa⁴ fu² {Huá fǔ}

1. Washington, D.C.
2. the US federal government

華陀〔华-〕 waa⁴ to⁴ {Huà Tuó}

Hua Tuo (c. 140-208), ancient Chinese physician from the Eastern Han period

尉繚〔-缭〕 wai³ liu⁴ {Wèi Liáo}

Wei Lao (c. 450 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), advisor to the first Qin emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇, possible author of the Wei Liaozi 尉繚子 text on military strategy

衛國〔卫国〕 wai⁶ gwok³ {Wèi guó}

state of Wei (c. 1040-209 BC), vassal of Zhou

惠施 wai⁶ si¹ {Huì Shī}

Hui Shi, also known as Hui-zi 惠子(c. 370-310 BC), politician and philosopher of the School of Logicians 名家 [Ming2 jia1] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

惠子 wai⁶ zi² {Huì zi}

Hui-zi also known as Hui Shi 惠施 (c. 370-310 BC), politician and philosopher of the School of Logicians 名家 [Ming2 jia1] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

運慶〔运庆〕 wan⁶ hing³ {Yùn qìng}

Unkei (c. 1150-1224), Japanese sculptor of Buddhist images

黃帝〔黄-〕 wong⁴ dai³ {Huáng dì}

Yellow Emperor, mythological emperor of China, reigned c. 2697-2597 BC

王伾 wong⁴ pei¹ {Wáng pī}

Wang Pi (-c. 806), Tang dynasty chancellor and a leader of failed Yongzhen reform 永貞革新 of 805

王肅〔-肃〕 wong⁴ suk¹ {Wáng Sù}

Wang Su (c. 195-256), classical scholar of Cao Wei dynasty, believed to have forged several classical texts

王著 wong⁴ zyu³ {Wáng Zhù}

Wang Zhu (-c. 990), Song calligrapher and writer

烏爾〔乌尔〕 wu¹ ji⁵ {Wū ěr}

Ur (Sumerian city c. 4500 BC in modern Iraq)

周公 zau¹ gung¹ {Zhōu gōng}

Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams"

紂辛〔纣-〕 zau⁶ san¹ {Zhòu Xīn}

Zhou Xin (c. 11th century BC), last emperor of the of Shang Dynasty

直流 zik⁶ lau⁴ {zhí liú}

1. to flow directly
2. direct current (D.C.)

佔婆〔占-〕 zim³ po⁴ {Zhàn pó}

Champa (Sanskrit: Campapura or Campanagara), ancient kingdom in the South of Vietnam c. 200-1693

佔城〔占-〕 zim³ sing⁴ {Zhàn chéng}

Champa (Sanskrit: Campapura or Campanagara), ancient kingdom in the South of Vietnam c. 200-1693

左傳〔-传〕 zo² zyun⁶ {Zuǒ Zhuàn}

Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋, early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明

張岱〔张-〕 zoeng¹ doi⁶ {Zhāng Dài}

Zhang Dai (1597-c. 1684), late Ming scholar

張揖〔张-〕 zoeng¹ jap¹ {Zhāng Yī}

Zhang Yi (c. 3rd century), literary figure from Wei of the Three Kingdoms, other name 稚讓, named as compiler of earliest extant Chinese encyclopedia 廣雅 and several lost works

Ｃ盤〔-盘〕 Ｃpun⁴ {C pán}

C drive or default startup drive (computing)

阿伊莎 aa³ ji¹ saa¹ {Ā yī shā}

1. Ayshe, Aise or Ayesha (name)
2. Aishah bint Abi Bakr (c. 614-678), youngest wife of prophet Mohamed 穆罕默德

阿依莎 aa³ ji¹ saa¹ {Ā yī shā}

1. Ayshe, Aise or Ayesha (name)
2. Aishah bint Abi Bakr (c. 614-678), youngest wife of prophet Mohamed 穆罕默德
3. also written 阿伊莎

白行簡〔--简〕 baak⁶ hang⁴ gaan² {Bái Xíng jiǎn}

Bai Xingjian (c. 776-826), younger brother of Bai Juyi 白居易, Tang novelist and poet, author of novel Tale of Courtesan Li Wa 李娃傳

白羊朝 baak⁶ joeng⁴ ciu⁴ {Bái yáng cháo}

Ak Koyunlu or Aq Qoyunlu Turkoman confederation of eastern Iran (c. 1378-c. 1500)

胞嘧啶 baau¹ mat⁶ ding⁶ {bāo mì dìng}

cytosine nucleotide (C, pairs with guanine G 鳥嘌呤 in DNA and RNA)

北京人 bak¹ ging¹ jan⁴ {Běi jīng rén}

1. Beijing resident
2. Peking ape-man, Homo erectus pekinensis (c. 600,000 BC), discovered in 1921 at Zhoukoudian 周口店, Beijing

半麻醉 bun³ maa⁴ zeoi³ {bàn má zuì}

1. local anesthetic
2. anesthesia to half the body (as for a C-section birth)

陳子昂〔陈--〕 can⁴ zi² ngong⁴ {Chén Zǐ áng}

Chen Zi'ang (c. 661-702), Tang dynasty poet

陳仲琳〔陈--〕 can⁴ zung⁶ lam⁴ {Chén Zhòng lín}

Xu Zhonglin or Xu Zhonglin 許仲琳 (c. 1567-c. 1620), Ming novelist, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義 is attributed, together with Lu Xixing 陸西星

青銅器〔-铜-〕 cing¹ tung⁴ hei³ {qīng tóng qì}

1. bronze implement
2. refers to ancient bronze artifacts, from c. 2,000 BC

曹不興〔--兴〕 cou⁴ bat¹ hing³ {Cáo Bù xīng}

Cao Buxing or Ts'ao Pu-hsing (active c. 210-250), famous semi-legendary painter, one of the Four Great Painters of the Six dynasties 六朝四大家

曹雪芹 cou⁴ syut³ kan⁴ {Cáo Xuě qín}

Cao Xueqin (c. 1715-c. 1764), accepted author of A Dream of Red Mansions 紅樓夢

大蕭條〔-萧条〕 daai⁶ siu¹ tiu⁴ {Dà Xiāo tiáo}

the Great Depression (1929-c. 1939)

丁肇中 ding¹ siu⁶ zung¹ {Dīng Zhào zhōng}

Samuel C. C. Ting (1936-), American physicist, 1976 Nobel Prize laureate in physics

花木蘭〔--兰〕 faa¹ muk⁶ laan⁴ {Huā Mù lán}

Hua Mulan, legendary woman warrior (c. fifth century), Northern dynasties folk hero recorded in Sui and Tang literature

法隆寺 faat³ lung⁴ zi² {Fǎ lōng sì}

Hōryūji, complex of Buddhist temples near Nara 奈良, Japan, dating back to the Asuka period 飛鳥時代 (c. 600)

非利士 fei¹ lei⁶ si⁶ {Fēi lì shì}

Philistine (Palestinian people, reputedly uncircumcised, c. 1,000 BC)

複數域〔复数-〕 fuk¹ sou³ wik⁶ {fù shù yù}

field of complex numbers (math.), usually denoted by C

金正恩 gam¹ zing³ jan¹ {Jīn Zhèng ēn}

Kim Jong-eun 김정은 (c. 1983-), third son of Kim Jong-il 金正日, Supreme leader of North Korea from 2011

犍陀羅〔--罗〕 gin¹ to⁴ lo⁴ {Jiān tuó luó}

Gandhara Kingdom in northwest India, c. 600 BC-11 AD, on Kabul River in Vale of Peshawar

薑石年〔姜--〕 goeng¹ sek⁶ nin⁴ {Jiāng Shí nián}

Jiang Shinian (c. 2000 BC), birth name of Shennong 神農 Farmer God, first of the legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 and creator of agriculture in China

薑子牙〔姜--〕 goeng¹ zi² ngaa⁴ {Jiāng Zǐ yá}

Jiang Ziya (c. 1100 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), partly mythical sage advisor to King Wen of Zhou 周文王 and purported author of “Six Secret Strategic Teachings” 六韜, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書

古登堡 gu² dang¹ bou² {Gǔ dēng bǎo}

1. Gutenberg (name)
2. Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1400-1468), inventor in Europe of the printing press
3. Beno Gutenberg (1889-1960), German-born US seismologist, coinventor of the Richter magnitude scale

公孫龍〔-孙龙〕 gung¹ syun¹ lung⁴ {Gōng sūn Lóng}

Gongsun Long (c. 325-250 BC), leading thinker of the School of Logicians of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)

關漢卿〔关汉-〕 gwaan¹ hon³ hing¹ {Guān Hàn qīng}

Guan Hanqing (c. 1235-c. 1300), Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four Great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家

國會山〔国会-〕 gwok³ wui² saan¹ {Guó huì shān}

Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.

夏王朝 haa⁶ wong⁴ ciu⁴ {Xià wáng cháo}

Xia dynasty, unconfirmed but placed at c. 2070-c. 1600 BC

侯賽因〔-赛-〕 hau⁴ coi³ jan¹ {Hóu sài yīn}

1. Husain or Hussein (name)
2. Hussein (c. 626-680), Muslim leader whose martyrdom is commemorated at Ashura
3. Saddam Hussein al Tikriti (1937-2006), dictator of Iraq 1979-2003

許仲琳〔许--〕 heoi² zung⁶ lam⁴ {Xǔ Zhòng lín}

Xu Zhonglin or Chen Zhonglin 陳仲琳 (c. 1567-c. 1620), Ming novelist, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義 is attributed, together with Lu Xixing 陸西星

顯生代〔显--〕 hin² sang¹ doi⁶ {Xiǎn shēng dài}

Phanerozoic, geological eon lasting since the Cambrian 寒武紀, c. 540m year ago

顯生宙〔显--〕 hin² sang¹ zau⁶ {Xiǎn shēng zhòu}

Phanerozoic, geological eon lasting since the Cambrian 寒武紀, c. 540m year ago

河姆渡 ho⁴ mou⁵ dou⁶ {Hé mǔ dù}

Hemudu neolithic archaeological site near Ningbo in Zhejiang, going back to c. 5000 BC

漢四郡〔汉--〕 hon³ sei³ gwan⁶ {Hàn sì jùn}

four Han commanderies in north Korea 108 BC-c. 300 AD

玄菟郡 jyun⁴ tou³ gwan⁶ {Xuán tù jùn}

Xuantu commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea

闕特勤〔阙--〕 kyut³ dak⁶ kan⁴ {Quē tè qín}

Kul Tigin or Kultegin (685-c. 731), general of the Second Turkic Kaganate

臨屯郡〔临--〕 lam⁴ tyun⁴ gwan⁶ {Lín tún jùn}

Lintun commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea

李清照 lei⁵ cing¹ ziu³ {Lǐ Qīng zhào}

Li Qingzhao (1084-c. 1151), southern Song female poet

李朝威 lei⁵ ciu⁴ wai¹ {Lǐ Cháo wēi}

Li Chaowei (c. 766-c. 820), Tang writer of fantasy fiction 傳奇, author of 柳毅傳

李重茂 lei⁵ cung⁴ mau⁶ {Lǐ Chóng mào}

Li Chongmao, personal name of fifth Tang emperor Shang 唐殤帝 (c. 695-715), reigned 710

李格非 lei⁵ gaak³ fei¹ {Lǐ Gé fēi}

Li Gefei (active c. 1090), Northern Song writer and father of southern Song female poet Li Qingzhao 李清照

李後主〔-后-〕 lei⁵ hau⁶ zyu² {Lǐ Hòu zhǔ}

1. Li Houzhu (c. 937-978), the final Southern Tang ruler (ruled 961-975) and a renowned poet
2. given name Li Yu 李煜

李汝珍 lei⁵ jyu⁵ zan¹ {Lǐ Rǔ zhēn}

Li Ruzhen (c. 1763-c. 1830), Qing novelist and phonologist, author of fantasy novel Jinghua Yuan 鏡花緣 or Flowers in the Mirror

李商隱〔--隐〕 lei⁵ soeng¹ jan² {Lǐ Shāng yǐn}

Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), Tang poet

理想國〔--国〕 lei⁵ soeng² gwok³ {Lǐ xiǎng guó}

Plato's "The Republic" (c. 380 BC)

李直夫 lei⁵ zik⁶ fu¹ {Lǐ Zhí fū}

Li Zhifu (c. 14th century), Yuan dynasty playwright in the 雜劇 style

羅貫中〔罗贯-〕 lo⁴ gun³ zung¹ {Luó Guàn zhōng}

Luo Guanzhong (c. 1330-c. 1400), author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other works

陸西星〔陆--〕 luk⁶ sai¹ sing¹ {Lù Xī xīng}

Lu Xixing (1520-c. 1601), Ming Daoist author, to whom the fantasy novel Investure of the Gods 封神演義 is attributed, together with Xu Zhonglin 許仲琳

陸探微〔陆--〕 luk⁶ taam³ mei⁴ {Lù Tàn wēi}

Lu Tanwei (active c. 450-490), one of the Four Great Painters of the Six dynasties 六朝四大家

馬致遠〔马-远〕 maa⁵ zi³ jyun⁵ {Mǎ Zhì yuǎn}

Ma Zhiyuan (c. 1250-1321), Yuan dynasty dramatist in the 雜劇 tradition of musical comedy, one of the Four great Yuan dramatists 元曲四大家

萬齊融〔万齐-〕 maan⁶ cai⁴ jung⁴ {Wàn Qí róng}

Wan Qirong (active c. 711), Tang dynasty poet

納尼亞〔纳-亚〕 naap⁶ nei⁴ aa³ {Nà ní yà}

Narnia, children's fantasy world in stories by C.S. Lewis

吳自牧〔吴--〕 ng⁴ zi⁶ muk⁶ {Wú Zì mù}

Wu Zimu (lived c. 1270), writer at the end of the Song dynasty

魏伯陽〔--阳〕 ngai⁶ baak³ joeng⁴ {Wèi Bó yáng}

Wei Boyang (c. 100-170), Chinese author and alchemist

鳥嘌呤〔鸟--〕 niu⁵ piu¹ ling⁴ {niǎo piào lìng}

guanine nucleotide (G, pairs with cytosine C 胞嘧啶 in DNA and RNA)

柏拉圖〔--图〕 paak³ laai¹ tou⁴ {Bó lā tú}

Plato (c. 427-c. 347 BC), Greek philosopher

平舌音 ping⁴ sit³ jam¹ {píng shé yīn}

1. alveolar
2. consonants z, c, s produced with the tip of the tongue on the alveolar ridge

山海經〔--经〕 saan¹ hoi² ging¹ {Shān hǎi Jīng}

Classic of Mountain and Sea, probably compiled c. 500 BC-200 BC, contains wide range of geography, mythology, witchcraft, popular customs etc

薩德爾〔萨-尔〕 saat³ dak¹ ji⁵ {Sà dé ěr}

1. Sadr (name)
2. Moqtada Sadr (c. 1973-), Iraqi Shia clergyman and militia leader

薩拉丁〔萨--〕 saat³ laai¹ ding¹ {Sà lā dīng}

Saladin (c. 1138-1193)

神農氏〔-农-〕 san⁴ nung⁴ si⁶ {Shén nóng shì}

1. Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture in China
2. followers or clan of Shennong 神農

石玉昆 sek⁶ juk⁶ gwan¹ {Shí Yù kūn}

Shi Yukun (probably c. 1810-c. 1871), Qing pinghua 評話 master storyteller

史籀篇 si² zau⁶ pin¹ {Shǐ zhòu piān}

Shizhoupian, early school primer in great seal script 大篆, attributed to King Xuan of Zhou 周宣王 but probably dating from c. 500 BC

蕭萬長〔萧万长〕 siu¹ maan⁶ coeng⁴ {Xiāo Wàn cháng}

Vincent C. Siew (1939-), Taiwanese diplomat and Kuomintang politician, prime minister 1997-2000, vice-president from 2008

雙蕊蘭〔双-兰〕 soeng¹ jeoi⁵ laan⁴ {shuāng ruǐ lán}

double-stamen orchid (Diplandrorchis sinica S.C. Chen), an endangered species

孫思邈〔孙--〕 syun¹ si¹ miu⁵ {Sūn Sī miǎo}

Sun Simiao (c. 581-682), doctor and herbalist of the Sui and Tang dynasty, author of Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in Gold 千金要方

暾欲穀〔--谷〕 tan¹ juk⁶ guk¹ {Tūn yù gǔ}

Tonyukuk (died c. 724 AD)

托勒密 tok³ lak⁶ mat⁶ {Tuō lè mì}

1. Ptolemy, kings of Egypt after the partition of Alexander the Great's Empire in 305 BC
2. Ptolemy or Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. 90-c. 168), Alexandrian Greek astronomer, mathematician and geographer, author of the Almagest 天文學大成
3. see also 托勒玫

托勒玫 tok³ lak⁶ mui⁴ {Tuō lè méi}

1. Ptolemy or Claudius Ptolemaeus (c. 90-c. 168), Alexandrian Greek astronomer, mathematician and geographer, author of the Almagest 天文學大成
2. see also 托勒密

唐殤帝〔-殇-〕 tong⁴ soeng¹ dai³ {Táng Shāng dì}

Emperor Shang of Tang, reign name of fifth Tang emperor Li Chongmao 李重茂 (c. 695-715), reigned 710

陶淵明〔-渊-〕 tou⁴ jyun¹ ming⁴ {Táo Yuān míng}

Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet

陶宗儀〔--仪〕 tou⁴ zung¹ ji⁴ {Táo Zōng yí}

Tao Zongyi (c. 1329-1410), Yuan dynasty scholar

華盛頓〔华-顿〕 waa⁴ sing⁶ deon⁶ {Huá shèng dùn}

1. Washington (name)
2. George Washington (1732-1799), first US president
3. Washington, US State
4. Washington, D.C. (US federal capital)

皇甫鎛〔--镈〕 wong⁴ fu² bok³ {Huáng fǔ Bó}

Huangfu Bo (c. 800), Minister during early Tang

王希孟 wong⁴ hei¹ maang⁶ {Wáng Xī mèng}

Wang Ximeng (c. 1096-c. 1119), Song artist, probably teenage prodigy who died young, painter of Thousand Miles of Landscape 千里江山

烏齊雅〔乌齐-〕 wu¹ cai⁴ ngaa⁵ {Wū qí yǎ}

Uzziah son of Amaziah, king of Judah c. 750 BC

烏孫國〔乌孙国〕 wu¹ syun¹ gwok³ {Wū sūn guó}

Wusun kingdom of central Asia (c. 300 BC-300 AD)

真番郡 zan¹ pun¹ gwan⁶ {Zhēn pān jùn}

Zhenpan commandery (108 BC-c. 300 AD), one of four Han dynasty commanderies in north Korea

震旦紀〔--纪〕 zan³ daan³ gei² {zhèn dàn jì}

Sinian (c. 800-542 million years ago), late phase of pre-Cambrian geological era

周文王 zau¹ man⁴ wong⁴ {Zhōu Wén wáng}

King Wen of Zhou state (c. 1152-1056 BC), reigned c. 1099-1056 BC as king of Zhou state, leading figure in building the subsequent Western Zhou dynasty, father of King Wu of Zhou 周武王 the first Zhou dynasty king

紫式部 zi² sik¹ bou⁶ {Zǐ Shì bù}

Murasaki Shikibu (born c. 973), Japanese writer, author of "The Tale of Genji"

戰國末〔战国-〕 zin³ gwok³ mut⁶ {zhàn guó mò}

late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty

張若虛〔张-虚〕 zoeng¹ joek⁶ heoi¹ {Zhāng Ruò xū}

Zhang Ruoxu (c. 660-720), Tang dynasty poet, author of yuefu poem River on a spring night 春江花月夜

張僧繇〔张--〕 zoeng¹ zang¹ jau⁴ {Zhāng Sēng yóu}

Zhang Sengyou (active c. 490-540), one of the Four Great Painters of the Six dynasties 六朝四大家

張作霖〔张--〕 zoeng¹ zok³ lam⁴ {Zhāng Zuò lín}

Zhang Zuolin (c. 1873-1928), warlord of Manchuria 1916-1928

阿基米德 aa³ gei¹ mai⁵ dak¹ {Ā jī mǐ dé}

Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC)

埃迪卡拉 aai¹ dik⁶ kaa¹ laai¹ {Āi dí kǎ lā}

Ediacaran (c. 635-542 million years ago), late phase of pre-Cambrian geological era

晏子春秋 aan³ zi² ceon¹ cau¹ {Yàn zǐ chūn qiū}

Tales of Yanzi, book describing the life and wisdom of Yanzi 晏子 (-c 500 BC), famous statesman from Qi of the Warring States

歐幾里得〔欧几--〕 au¹ gei² lei⁵ dak¹ {Ōu jǐ lǐ dé}

Euclid of Alexandria (c. 300 BC), Greek geometer and author Elements 幾何原本

歐幾里德〔欧几--〕 au¹ gei² lei⁵ dak¹ {Ōu jǐ lǐ dé}

Euclid of Alexandria (c. 300 BC), Greek geometer and author of Elements 幾何原本

伯里克利 baak³ lei⁵ hak¹ lei⁶ {Bó lǐ kè lì}

Pericles (c. 495-429 BC), Athenian strategist and politician before and at the start of the Peloponnesian war

八旗制度 baat³ kei⁴ zai³ dou⁶ {bā qí zhì dù}

Eight banners system, the military and social organization of the Manchus between c. 1500 and 1911

北京猿人 bak¹ ging¹ jyun⁴ jan⁴ {Běi jīng yuán rén}

1. Peking ape-man
2. Homo erectus pekinensis (c. 600,000 BC), discovered in Zhoukoudian 周口店 in 1921

丙型肝炎 bing² jing⁴ gon¹ jim⁴ {bǐng xíng gān yán}

hepatitis C

寶嘉康蒂〔宝---〕 bou² gaa¹ hong¹ dai³ {Bǎo jiā kāng dì}

Pocahontas (c. 1595-1617), native American noted for her association with the colony of Jamestown, Virginia

布魯特斯〔-鲁--〕 bou³ lou⁵ dak⁶ si¹ {Bù lǔ tè sī}

1. Brutus (name)
2. Marcus Junius Brutus (85-42 BC), late Roman Republic politician who conspired against Julius Caesar
3. Lucius Junius Brutus (6th c. BC), founder of the Roman Republic

布魯圖斯〔-鲁图-〕 bou³ lou⁵ tou⁴ si¹ {Bù lǔ tú sī}

1. Brutus (name)
2. Marcus Junius Brutus (85-42 BC), late Roman Republic politician who conspired against Julius Caesar
3. Lucius Junius Brutus (6th c. BC), founder of the Roman Republic

查理大帝 caa⁴ lei⁵ daai⁶ dai³ {Chá lǐ Dà dì}

Charlemagne (c. 747-c. 814), King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor from 800

齊家文化〔齐---〕 cai⁴ gaa¹ man⁴ faa³ {Qí jiā wén huà}

Qijia neolithic culture, centered around the Gansu Corridor 河西走廊 c. 2000 BC

吹簫乞食〔-箫--〕 ceoi¹ siu¹ hat¹ sik⁶ {chuī xiāo qǐ shí}

1. to beg while playing the xiao 箫 (mouth organ)
2. cf Wu Zixu 伍子胥, destitute refugee from Chu 楚, busked in Wu town c. 520 BC, then became a powerful politician

前寒武紀〔---纪〕 cin⁴ hon⁴ mou⁵ gei² {qián hán wǔ jì}

pre-Cambrian, geological period before c. 540m years ago

長樂公主〔长乐--〕 coeng⁴ lok⁶ gung¹ zyu² {Cháng lè Gōng zhǔ}

Princess Changle of Western Wei of the Northern dynasties 西魏, given in marriage c. 545 to Bumin Khan 土門

多那太羅〔---罗〕 do¹ naa⁵ taai³ lo⁴ {Duō nǎ tài luó}

1. Donatello (c. 1386-1466)
2. Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, famous early renaissance painter and sculptor

非利士族 fei¹ lei⁶ si⁶ zuk⁶ {Fēi lì shì zú}

Philistine (Palestinian people, reputedly uncircumcised, c. 1,000 BC)

斐波那契 fei² bo¹ naa⁵ kai³ {Fěi bō nà qì}

Leonardo Fibonacci (c. 1170-1250), Italian mathematician

鳩摩羅什〔鸠-罗-〕 gau¹ mo¹ lo⁴ sap⁶ {Jiū mó luó shí}

Kumarajiva c. 334-413, Buddhist monk and translator of Zen texts

工業革命〔-业--〕 gung¹ jip⁶ gaak³ ming⁶ {Gōng yè Gé mìng}

Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830

哈米爾卡〔--尔-〕 haa¹ mai⁵ ji⁵ kaa¹ {Hā mǐ ěr kǎ}

Hamilcar (c. 270-228 BC), Carthaginian statesman and general

哈姆雷特 haa¹ mou⁵ leoi⁴ dak⁶ {Hā mǔ léi tè}

1. Hamlet (name)
2. the Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark c. 1601 by William Shakespeare 莎士比亚

日本書紀〔--书纪〕 jat⁶ bun² syu¹ gei² {Rì běn shū jì}

Nihonshoki or Chronicles of Japan (c. 720) book of mythology and history

二號電池〔-号电-〕 ji⁶ hou⁶ din⁶ ci⁴ {èr hào diàn chí}

1. C size battery (Tw)
2. PRC equivalent: 三號電池

洋務運動〔-务运动〕 joeng⁴ mou⁶ wan⁶ dung⁶ {Yáng wù Yùn dòng}

Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 自強運動

越王勾踐〔---践〕 jyut⁶ wong⁴ ngau¹ cin⁵ {Yuè Wáng Gōu Jiàn}

King Gou Jian of Yue (c. 470 BC), sometimes considered one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸

抗壞血酸〔-坏--〕 kong³ waai⁶ hyut³ syun¹ {kàng huài xuè suān}

1. vitamin C
2. ascorbic acid

良渚文化 loeng⁴ zyu² man⁴ faa³ {Liáng zhǔ wén huà}

Liangzhu (c. 3400-2250 BC), neolithic culture of Changjiang delta

馬可波羅〔马--罗〕 maa⁵ ho² bo¹ lo⁴ {Mǎ kě Bō luó}

Marco Polo (1254-c. 1324), Venetian trader and explorer who traveled the Silk road to China, author of Il Milione (Travels of Marco Polo)

默罕默德 mak⁶ hon² mak⁶ dak¹ {Mò hǎn mò dé}

1. Mohammed (c. 570-632), central figure of Islam and prophet of God
2. also written 穆罕默德

穆罕默德 muk⁶ hon² mak⁶ dak¹ {Mù hǎn mò dé}

Mohammed (c. 570-632), central figure of Islam and prophet of God

吳市吹簫〔吴--箫〕 ng⁴ si⁵ ceoi¹ siu¹ {Wú shì chuī xiāo}

1. to beg while playing the xiao 箫 (mouth organ)
2. cf Wu Zixu 伍子胥, destitute refugee from Chu 楚, busked in Wu town c. 520 BC, then became a powerful politician

愛留根納〔爱--纳〕 oi³ lau⁴ gan¹ naap⁶ {Ài liú gēn nà}

Eriugena, John Scottus (c. 810-880) Irish poet, theologian, and philosopher of Neoplatonism

三號電池〔-号电-〕 saam¹ hou⁶ din⁶ ci⁴ {sān hào diàn chí}

1. C size battery (PRC)
2. AA battery (Taiwan)
3. see 二號電池 (C battery in Taiwan) and 五號電池 (AA battery in PRC)

薩珊王朝〔萨---〕 saat³ saan¹ wong⁴ ciu⁴ {Sà shān Wáng cháo}

Sassanid Empire of Persia (c. 2nd-7th century AD)

薩桑王朝〔萨---〕 saat³ song¹ wong⁴ ciu⁴ {Sà sāng Wáng cháo}

Sassanid Empire of Persia (c. 2nd-7th century AD)

司馬穰苴〔-马--〕 si¹ maa⁵ joeng⁴ zeoi¹ {Sī mǎ Ráng jū}

Sima Rangju (c. 800 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), military strategist of the Qi State 齊國 and author of “Methods of Sima” 司馬法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書

舌尖前音 sit³ zim¹ cin⁴ jam¹ {shé jiān qián yīn}

1. alveolar
2. consonants z, c, s produced with the tip of the tongue on the alveolar ridge

太平公主 taai³ ping⁴ gung¹ zyu² {Tài píng gōng zhǔ}

Princess Taiping (c. 665-713), Tang Dynasty princess, politically powerful and known for her beauty

湯武革命〔汤---〕 tong¹ mou⁵ gaak³ ming⁶ {Tāng Wǔ Gé mìng}

the Tang and Wu Revolts: the overthrow (c. 1600 BC) of the Xia Dynasty by the first king, Tang 商湯, of the Shang Dynasty, and the overthrow (c. 1046 BC) of the Shang Dynasty by the Zhou Dynasty founder, King Wu 周武王

黃帝內經〔黄-内经〕 wong⁴ dai³ noi⁶ ging¹ {Huáng dì Nèi jīng}

Yellow Emperor's Internal Canon, medical text c. 300 BC

皖系軍閥〔--军阀〕 wun⁵ hai⁶ gwan¹ fat⁶ {Wǎn xì jūn fá}

Anhui faction of Northern Warlords 1911-c.1929

皖系戰敗〔--战败〕 wun⁵ hai⁶ zin³ baai⁶ {Wǎn xì zhàn bài}

Anhui faction of Northern Warlords (1912-c. 1920), led by Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 with Japanese support

紮馬剌丁〔扎马--〕 zaat³ maa⁵ laat⁶ ding¹ {Zā mǎ lá dīng}

Jamal al-Din ibn Muhammad al-Najjari (13th century), famous Persian astronomer and scholar who served Khubilai Khan 忽必烈 from c. 1260

敘利亞文〔叙-亚-〕 zeoi⁶ lei⁶ aa³ man⁴ {Xù lì yà wén}

1. Syriac language (from c. 2nd century BC)
2. the Syriac script

自強運動〔-强运动〕 zi⁶ koeng⁴ wan⁶ dung⁶ {Zì qiáng Yùn dòng}

Self-Strengthening Movement (period of reforms in China c 1861-1894), also named 洋務運動

戰國末年〔战国--〕 zin³ gwok³ mut⁶ nin⁴ {zhàn guó mò nián}

late Warring States period, c. 250-221 BC before the First Emperor's Qin Dynasty

長孫無忌〔长孙无-〕 zoeng² syun¹ mou⁴ gei⁶ {Zhǎng sūn Wú jì}

Zhangsun Wuji (c. 594-659), politician and historian of early Tang

竹書紀年〔-书纪-〕 zuk¹ syu¹ gei² nin⁴ {Zhú shū Jì nián}

Bamboo Annals, early chronicle of Chinese ancient history, written c. 300 BC

株式會社〔--会-〕 zyu¹ sik¹ wui⁶ se⁵ {zhū shì huì shè}

1. Japanese limited company
2. corporation
3. public company
4. Ltd
5. p.l.c.
6. Corp
7. Japanese pr. kabushiki-gaisha

阿里斯托芬 aa³ lei⁵ si¹ tok³ fan¹ {Ā lǐ sī tuō fēn}

Aristophanes (c. 448-380 BC), Greek comic playwright

阿里斯託芳〔---托-〕 aa³ lei⁵ si¹ tok³ fong¹ {Ā lǐ sī tuō fāng}

Aristophanes (c. 448-380 BC), Greek comic playwright

埃迪卡拉紀〔----纪〕 aai¹ dik⁶ kaa¹ laai¹ gei² {Āi dí kǎ lā jì}

Ediacaran period (c. 635-542 million years ago), late phase of pre-Cambrian geological era

埃斯庫羅斯〔--库罗-〕 aai¹ si¹ fu³ lo⁴ si¹ {Āi sī kù luó sī}

Aeschylus (c. 524 BC -c. 455 BC), Greek tragedian, author of The Persians, Seven against Thebes etc

歐里庇得斯〔欧----〕 au¹ lei⁵ bei³ dak¹ si¹ {Ōu lǐ bì dé sī}

Euripides (c. 480-406 BC), Greek tragedian, author of Medea, Trojan Women etc

大汶口文化 daai⁶ man⁶ hau² man⁴ faa³ {Dà wèn kǒu wén huà}

Dawenkou culture (c. 4100-2600 BC), Neolithic culture based in today's Shandong area 山東

霍爾布魯克〔-尔-鲁-〕 fok³ ji⁵ bou³ lou⁵ hak¹ {Huò ěr bù lǔ kè}

1. Holbrook (name)
2. Richard C.A. Holbrooke (1941-2010), US diplomat, influential in brokering 1995 Dayton Bosnian peace deal, US special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan from 2009

希波克拉底 hei¹ bo¹ hak¹ laai¹ dai² {Xī bō kè lā dǐ}

Hippocrates (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC), Greek physician, father of Western medicine

河姆渡遺址〔---遗-〕 ho⁴ mou⁵ dou⁶ wai⁴ zi² {Hé mǔ dù yí zhǐ}

Hemudu neolithic archaeological site near Ningbo 長江 in Zhejiang, going back to c. 5000 BC

喬治城大學〔乔---学〕 kiu⁴ zi⁶ sing⁴ daai⁶ hok⁶ {Qiáo zhì chéng Dà xué}

Georgetown University in Washington D.C., famous as quality Jesuit university and for its basketball team

臨海水土誌〔临---志〕 lam⁴ hoi² seoi² tou² zi³ {Lín hǎi shuǐ tǔ zhì}

Seaboard geographic gazetteer (c. 275) by Shen Ying 沈瑩

摩訶婆羅多〔-诃-罗-〕 mo¹ ho¹ po⁴ lo⁴ do¹ {Mó hē pó luó duō}

Mahābhārata, second great Indian epic after 羅摩衍那, possibly originally c. 4th century BC

納尼亞傳奇〔纳-亚传-〕 naap⁶ nei⁴ aa³ zyun⁶ kei⁴ {Nà ní yà Chuán qí}

The Chronicles of Narnia, children's stories by C.S. Lewis

培里克利斯 pui⁴ lei⁵ hak¹ lei⁶ si¹ {Péi lǐ kè lì sī}

1. Pericles (c. 495-429 BC), Athenian strategist and politician before and at the start of the Peloponnesian war
2. also written 伯里克利

瑣羅亞斯德〔琐罗亚--〕 so² lo⁴ aa³ si¹ dak¹ {Suǒ luó yà sī dé}

Zoroaster, Zarathustra or Zarathushtra (c. 1200 BC), Persian prophet and founder of Zoroastrianism

華盛頓特區〔华-顿-区〕 waa⁴ sing⁶ deon⁶ dak⁶ keoi¹ {Huá shèng dùn tè qū}

Washington D.C. (US federal capital)

埃拉托塞尼斯 aai¹ laai¹ tok³ coi³ nei⁴ si¹ {Āi lā tuō sè ní sī}

Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276-c. 195 BC), ancient Greek mathematician and inventor

克莉奧佩特拉〔--奥---〕 hak¹ lei⁶ ou³ pui³ dak⁶ laai¹ {Kè lì ào pèi tè lā}

Cleopatra (c. 70-30 BC), queen of Egypt

土地利用規劃〔----规划〕 tou² dei⁶ lei⁶ jung⁶ kwai¹ waak⁶ {tǔ dì lì yòng guī huà}

land use plan (official P.R.C. government term)

黃帝八十一難經〔黄----难经〕 wong⁴ dai³ baat³ sap⁶ jat¹ naan⁴ ging¹ {Huáng dì Bā shí yī Nàn jīng}

Yellow Emperor's Classic of Eighty-one Difficulties, medical text, c. 1st century AD